Cyril Lionel Robert James was born in the British colony of Trinidad on January 4, 1901. James was a bright youth who absorbed literature, history, music, sports, and art-the foundational texts of Western civilization. He attended Queen’s Royal College in Port of Spain, but chafed at the rigid disciplinarianism of the educational British system. Yet he was deeply interested in and influenced by the game of cricket introduced by the British and became a local cricket reporter before turning to fiction. James wrote several early works of fiction in Trinidad before sailing for England in 1932 at the age of 31. While in England, James spent a great deal of time focusing his writing on issues relevant to the expatriate West Indian community. He published The Case for West Indian Self-Government in 1933.
James was increasingly exposed to social issues and turned to the writings of many Communist thinkers in this period. He became a major Trotskyist thinker as well as an ardent critic of fascism. He produced a play, Toussaint L’Ouverture, with Paul Robeson in the lead role which reflected his political leanings. James was becoming more interested in revolution and social liberation as well as questions of race. He published his landmark work, The Black Jacobins, in 1938, offering a Trotskyist analysis of the 1791 slave revolution in Haiti. James and his fellow Trotskyites remained opposed to Stalinism and offered virulent critiques of the system throughout the 1930s.
C.L.R. James arrived in the United States in 1938 and remained for the next twenty years. While in the U.S., he began to have doubts about the Trotskyist analysis of the Soviet Union and argued for a liberation of Marxism through a bottom-up emphasis. He also studied Whitman and Melville in this period. James returned to England in 1953 and five years later went back to his native Trinidad where he became involved in politics and the decolonization movement. James published Beyond a Boundary in 1963, a memoir and social commentary, that explored the place of cricket in West Indian and British society and its role in empire, family, masculinity, race, class, national culture, colonization, and decolonization. The work is widely viewed by critics as one of the best sports books ever written.
After 1960 James traveled widely throughout Africa and the Caribbean and was interested in the role of culture across boundaries. As a West Indian deeply-infused with Western culture, he sought to carve out a space of independence while still maintaining his love for what he saw as a series of cross-national ideals. He taught at the University of the District of Columbia starting in 1968 and wrote a series of works on culture, politics, radicalism, and revolution. James passed away on May 19, 1989 in London, England, on the brink of the collapse of the Soviet Union. He was survived by his widow Selma.
“When history is written as it ought to be written, it is the moderation and long patience of the masses at which men will wonder, not their ferocity.”
- CLR James
C.L.R. James: A Revolutionary Vision for the 20th Century
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A prophecy just came to me: You know how every game developed by Bethesda since Oblivion has had a gimmick that is heavily advertised but turns out to suck ass? The next one will have “an infinite number of LLM-generated quests” but they all still suck ass and also repeat.
They already did that with FO4 :/
This isn’t prophecy this is extrapolation.
The next bethesda open world game will be so bad it is going to seem like interactive abstract art. The NPCs will exit the “uncanny valley” via surrealism. It will be so full of bugs and proc gen that no two players will ever have the same experience. Screenshots will need to have a legend and labels so that other players understand what they are looking at. It will transcend genres by being incomprehensible.
That could be interesting if you were a prisoner in the shivering isles, completely mad until you find some jyggylag mcguffin and suddenly one thing is comprehensible. You then seek to rebuild your mind one comprehension at a time until you can perceive your cage and a way out. When you escape you immediately run into Sheogorath, who just goes, “ew”, and banishes you back to Nirn.