First, the Moon’s distance from Earth varies over its orbit. Second, Earth’s elliptical orbit causes the Sun’s distance and apparent diameter to vary by about 3 percent from perihelion (closest approach) to aphelion (farthest approach). Near the sunrise and sunset terminators, the Moon’s shadow hits Earth’s surface at a steep angle. This geometry causes the shadow to move quickly with respect to the surface, which shortens totality’s duration.

https://www.astronomy.com/science/what-causes-the-variety-of-totality-length-from-one-solar-eclipse-to-the-next-why-does-the-length-of-totality-vary-along-the-path-of-an-eclipse/