Update: I am trying to get my hands on the ssl certificate that is assigned to the domain to install it on my new server. Strato makes this really hard by not providing a download for the files i need (would be too easy i guess). Does anyone have an idea how to get them if not from the host themselves?

i redirected the domain to the original hoster for a bit, maybe you tried in that time :D

So is it like a webring but random?

I would start with some HTML tutorial on the internet and host that on nekoweb or neocities. That way you can concentrate on learing to create a website and deal with the hosting stuff later. May people offer free templates, too. Just surf around on the websites there and see what other people make :) And yes, linux is way better than windows in every way. If you mostly use stuff like your browser or steam, it is not hard to switch, either.